Features of the X-ray anatomy of the gnatic part of the face in children in the period of removable occlusion

The variability of the gnathic part of the human face during the period of removable occlusion is determined by the order of replacement of milk teeth with permanent teeth. Purpose of the work: To determine the features of the radiological anatomy of the gnathic part of the face in children during the mixed dentition period. Materials and methods: Teleradiographs and orthopantomograms obtained from 56 children of different ages were analyzed. On orthopantomograms, an articular horizontal was drawn connecting the upper points of the articular heads. From the middle point of the articular horizontal and perpendicular to it, an aesthetic vertical was drawn, which passed between the incisors to the chin point. The ratio of the distance from the midpoint to the articular head to the coefficient of 1.5 determined the position of the retro molar point, from which the retro molar vertical was drawn downwards, which was used as the stress axis for the distal upper teeth. On the lower jaw, the bisector of the mandibular angle served as the stress axis for the lower molars. Results and discussion: The results of the analysis of radiographs of children in the period of occlusion of milk teeth showed that on the radiographs the rudiment of the first upper permanent molar was located in front of the retro molar vertical, and the lower first molar in front of the bisector of the mandibular angle. As the jaws grew, the position of the stress axes changed, but with the optimal size of the jaws, the distal teeth did not extend beyond its limits. Conclusion: The X-ray anatomical features of the gnathic part of the face were determined by the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones. A special place is occupied by the retro molar space, in which distally located permanent molars are formed. The location of permanent teeth or parts of them behind the retro molar verticals creates tension in the gnathic part of the face and can determine the tactics of extraction and non-extraction methods of orthodontic treatment.