Features of the structure of intranasal structures at different forms of the nose cavity according to the data of computed tomography

Computed tomography of the skull has undeniable advantages over classical craniometric studies. With its help, it is possible to carry out a reliable assessment of the topographic and anatomical relationships of intranasal structures, which is especially important in choosing the tactics and extent of surgical intervention in a number of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as computer modeling of various conditions in rhinology. For their successful implementation, precise knowledge of the morphometric parameters of the nasal cavity and intranasal structures is important. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the nasal cavity and intranasal structures using computed tomography data, to determine the main features of their structure in narrow (leptocavitary), medium (mesocavitary) and wide (platycavitary) forms. A morphometric evaluation of computed tomograms of the head of 200 men and 198 women was performed, on which the shape of the nasal cavity, topographic-anatomical and morphometric characteristics of intranasal structures were evaluated. Computed tomography was performed on a spiral computed tomograph. The studies were performed in the axial scanning plane with a slice thickness of 0,625 mm and the same interval between them. Typical differences in the sizes of the nasal cavity and intranasal structures, as well as a number of parameters characterizing their topographic-anatomical relationships and angular characteristics with different forms of the nasal cavity, were revealed. In both male and female groups, the wide form of the nasal cavity, in contrast to the narrow one, is characterized by a decrease in the height of the nasal cavity in the anterior and posterior sections, a short middle turbinate, a greater angle of inclination of the main plate and a greater angle of inclination of its free end, a wide anterior end of the middle turbinate, narrow middle nasal passage, greater angle of inclination of the clivus. In persons with a mesocavitary form, the described craniometric signs have intermediate values. It is shown that the nasal cavity in women is distinguished by the largest number of craniometric features with a high degree of variability. The revealed features of the structure of intranasal structures should be taken into account when performing rhinosurgical and neurosurgical interventions.