Peculiarities of educational adaptation of training in the higher educational institution and its role in forming professional competencies in the study of natural scientific disciplines

The concept of adaptation in biology and sociology is examined. The analysis of the adaptation processes of first-year students of the University and its influence on formation of professional competences is carried out.. It is shown that the examination of theoretical questions of the subject in the aspect of professional competencies stimulates cognitive activity and facilitates the training of a highly skilled specialist. A survey of students of engineering training areas was conducted to identify the most urgent problems of adaptation. Among the most important factors were the following: familiarization with the structure of the educational process in the university, the clarity and accessibility of criteria for assessing knowledge and skills in the subject, the professional orientation of the subjects studied, the professional qualities of the teacher. For the successful formation and development of professional competencies in the study of general education disciplines, it is necessary to emphasize the areas of practical application of the knowledge acquired, taking into account the individual characteristics of students.