Long-term results of surgical treatment in patients with uncomplicated trauma to the thoracic and lumbar spine segments (systematic review)

Objective: to conduct a systematic analysis of long-term outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with uncomplicated thoracic and lumbar spine trauma. Review methodology. The studies to analyze were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords: “spinal fracture”, “surgical treatment”, “support spondylosis”, “visual analog scale”, “health-related quality of life”, “Oswestry Disability Index”. The search was limited to the full text original studies. The search retrieved 1,245 articles, leaving 6 articles published between 2018 and 2024 after checking the eligibility criteria for inclusion. We calculated the changes in visual analog scale (ΔVAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ΔODI) scores, Cobb loss of primary correction (COBBº), and complication rates (percent). Conclusion. ΔVAS ranged from 1.88 to 7.8 scores, ΔODI ranged from 33.05 to 51.85 percent, ΔCOBBº ranged from 0.9 to 4.7 degrees, and complication rates ranged from 5 to 70 percent. Thus, the anterior support spondylosis leads to clinically significant reduction of pain syndrome and restoration of functional activity in patients who suffered uncomplicated fractures of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; however, it should be noted that the data are limited by small samples and heterogeneity of study protocols, which may require further randomized multicenter studies.