Attitude to Kant’s criticism of the arguments for the existence of god in the tradition of the Russian teological academies of the late XIX - early XX centuries. Cosmological argument

The article examines the main provisions of Kant’s criticism of the cosmological argument of the existence of God and the reaction to this criticism in the analytical tradition of the Russian Teological Academies. Kant points out that cosmological argument abuses the two logical laws on which it relies: the law of causality, when it transfers the category of causality from phenomena to the substratum of these phenomena (thing-in-itself), asserting its transcendental use, and the law of sufficient reason when it treats the world is both not self-sufficient and casual. In the article is analyzed the atitude to the Kant’s criticism by prof. N. P. Rozhdestvensky, prof. V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov, prof. A. I. Vvedensky, prof. P. V. Tikhomirov. And also, is represented a new form of cosmological argument elaborated by prof. S. S. Glagolev, so it takes into account Kant’s criticism, and determines the dignity of this form. Te conclusion is drawn that the strength and significance of the cosmological argument depend on the solution of the epistemological problem of the reality of the external world and the objective significance of the law of causality.