Pathophysiological Aspects of Gallbladder Inflammation and Gallstone Disease: the Role of Free Radical Oxidation and the Antioxidant Defense System (Literature Review)

The development of gallbladder inflammation and gallstone disease involves multiple contributing factors, including oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, dysfunction of the biliary system, genetic predisposition, and the state of the intestinal microbiota. These insights pave the way for a personalized treatment approach, incorporating antioxidant therapy and agents that regulate lipid metabolism. This review presents an analysis of current scientific evidence on the role of free radical oxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the pathophysiological mechanisms of cholecystitis and gallstone disease.