Pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: current concepts

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in obstetric practice, significantly affecting pregnancy outcomes and maternal and fetal health. The pathogenesis of GDM is a complex interplay of various organs and systems, including insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction of the pancreas, proinflammatory processes, increased lipolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of oxidative stress.