Pathogenetic role of osteoprotegerin and osteopontin in the development of cardiovascular complications in comorbid pathology

This study investigated the pathogenetic role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN) in the development of cardiovascular complications and osteoporotic fractures in women with chronic heart failure (CHF), osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 150 postmenopausal women participated in the study. The serum levels of OPG and OPN were assessed, along with their relationship with the frequency of adverse cardiovascular events (CVE) and osteoporotic fractures. It was found that patients with elevated OPG levels (>50 mmol/L) had a significantly higher rate of CVE (65%) compared to those with lower levels. Increased OPN levels (>250 ng/mL) were associated with a rise in osteoporotic fractures, reaching up to 60%. Patients with high levels of both biomarkers showed the highest risk for both cardiovascular events and fractures. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between OPG levels and CVE frequency (r=0.62, p