Histopathological changes of foot tissues in case of terminal diabetic angio- and neuropathy

The aim of the research was to identify structural tissue changes of the lower limbs in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The bone fragments and surround soft tissues obtained during corrective osteotomy from patients with Charcot foot (N =2) and the sural nerve from patients with neuroischemic diabetic foot undergo amputation due to ischemia progression were examined. Histological methods and ultra-thin sections for electron microscopy were used. There were observed severe pathological changes in the microcirculatory vessels like significantly thickened basal membrane, endothelium hyperplasia and lumen occlusion. In consequence there were revealed unalterable histopathological changes in the structure of the sural nerve accompanied with massive diffusive demyelination, reduced amount of axons and lemmocyte dystrophy. Due to impaired blood perfusion there were observed bone tissue necrosis, cortical bone layer thinning and disturbed processes of reparative osteogenesis. In the surround soft tissues oedema, collagen fibers destruction, connective tissue cells and myofibrils death.