Pathologies in the children buried in urban cemeteries of the 16th-18th centuries

The paper describes paleopathological manifestations in the children from urban cemeteries of the 16th-18th centuries. During the salvage and rescue archaeological projects implemented in 2019-2021 cemeteries were examined in four cities of Central Russia, namely, Yaroslavl, Tula, Borovsk, and Rostov the Great. Anthropological remnants from these cemeteries is an independent historical source, their studies can provide information on the extent of biological and social adaptation of the population which lived in the later Middle Ages and in the modern period. The study program included diagnosis of dental and skeletal age, diagnosis of symptoms of childhood diseases. The review of these aspects can offer historical reconstruction that changes our view on life of some children and generations of the past.