Patterns and primitives of the empirical-metaphysical general systems theory

The article focuses on the development of the author's empirical and metaphysical general theory of systems towards greater instrumentality through the use of such tools of systems representation as patterns and primitives. Studies have shown that, despite the wide variety of properties of systems in different subject areas, all of them can be represented by limited sets of patterns and primitives. The following groups of patterns are revealed: the formation of systems (structure formation, duplication, correlation, analogy), stability (balance, additional degrees of freedom, fixation and minimization of actions, separation of processes, external stabilization, stable disequilibrium) and systems change (sustainable progress, regression or development, destruction from the outside, spontaneous destruction, degradation, self-destruction, substitution, reconfiguration, transformation). The following groups of primitives are also revealed: properties (zero, primary, nested, secondary primitives, environment of primitives, periodic primitives) and actions (elementary, differentative, integrative, instrumental, framework primitives, refractoring and substitution primitives).