Pedagogical analysis of the relationship of education and purposes of teaching with personal interests

The educational process is largely focused. It involves a certain direction of educational efforts, awareness of their ultimate goals, and also includes the content side and means of achieving these goals. The goals of upbringing are determined by the ideological and value orientations that this or that community proclaims. The dramatic changes that have occurred in the life of Russian society in recent years have caused certain difficulties in the ideological and value orientation of the population.

The old ideals for many people have lost their attractiveness; new orientations have not developed. In ruling circles, in journalism, they started talking about the development of a new state ideology. But any ideology is a one-sided, socially-interested approach of various classes and social groups to solving social problems, which they strive to impose on others as dominant ideological and value orientations. In the world of pedagogical theory and practice, it has long been believed that the educational process should not be held hostage to any opportunistic situations, it depends on what views and beliefs people who currently hold power hold.

Raising the young generation is too serious a matter. It should be based on constant, enduring ideas and values. Therefore, the principles of humanism should be developed and tested by centuries-old practice as the ideological basis of the entire educational system. Humanism, first of all, means humanity of a person: love for people, a high level of psychological tolerance, gentleness in human relations, respect for personality and its dignity. Ultimately, the concept of humanism takes shape as a system of value orientations, in the center of which is the recognition of a person as the highest value. With this interpretation, humanism takes on the significance of a social ideal. A person is considered as the highest goal of social development, in the process of which the creation of the necessary conditions for the full realization of all its potentials, the achievement of harmony in the socio-economic and spiritual sphere of life, the highest flowering of a particular human person is ensured.

Thus, from the standpoint of humanism, the ultimate goal of education is that each person can become a full-fledged subject of activity, cognition and communication, that is, a free, independent creature responsible for everything that happens in this world. On the content side, the implementation of the principles of humanism in the educational process means the manifestation of universal values. Universal human values are values that are significant not for some narrow limited circle of people, but for what matters to all of humanity. They are in one form or another inherent in all social communities, social groups, peoples, although not all are expressed in the same way.

The features of their expression depend on the characteristics of the cultural and historical development of a country, its religious traditions, type of civilization. Also, universal values are ultimate, historically and socially nonlocalized values, that is, values that are absolute, eternal values. Believers, comprehending universal values from the standpoint of religion, believe that these values have a divine nature. For non-believers, the universal values of the centuries-old experience of mankind, its potentials and aspirations. With different approaches to the source and guarantor of universal values, believers and unbelievers realize that universal values are permanent, enduring. And that is why universal human values act as an ideal, a regulatory idea, a model of behavior for all people. It should be noted that the love of the motherland in itself fits into the system of humanistic values. Universal attitudes should not be interpreted as some cosmopolitan values. Each nation has these values expressed in a special way. This expression depends on the characteristics of the cultural and historical development of a country.

Therefore, the universal is always realized through the specifically human. And each specific person is a citizen of a particular state, belongs to a particular nationality, nation. And the universal principle is realized in these specific social formations. Therefore, the education of a person from universal positions does not contradict, but involves his education as a citizen, patriot of his country, the Fatherland. Therefore, humanism implies patriotism, love for one’s homeland, fostering civic responsibility, respect for the customs and laws of one’s country. Humanism involves the recognition of a given person as a value of the personality of all other people, love for them and service to them. It is no accident that the term "humanism" was originally understood to mean "humanity." Therefore, humanism does not exclude, but involves collectivism, the desire for community with other people, their mutual support. In the social psychology of our moral quality of the people received a strong impetus for their development.

It is no accident that in Russian philosophy the idea of collegiality is one of the leading ideas of Russian national self-consciousness. In our country, traditionally, the main goal of the educational process has been the training of a highly qualified specialist who is able to work with maximum efficiency in the work for the good of our state. The humanistic approach requires that the main goal of the educational process should be considered the consciousness of the prerequisites for self-realization of the personality.