Perforated graphene as an information carrier: a punched card on the atomic scale

Perforated two-dimensional crystals are considered as information carriers. For graphene, the maximal theoretical recording density is calculated: 7х1014 B/cm2, 2х1021 B/cm3, or 1021 B/g. Nanopunched cards can be rolled or stacked into a porous crystal without information loss. Information can also be stored in perforated graphene nanoribbons - punched tapes on the atomic scale. Any two-dimensional crystals are suitable for perforation; graphene is only one of them.