Pigment complex in spring barley leaves in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

Photosynthesis is an important process that takes place in the chloroplasts of a plant, and it is the main material and energy process in which dry matter is formed. When studying the photosynthetic activity of agrocenosis plants, it was revealed that most of the pigment complex is concentrated in the leaves and is represented by chlorophylls a , b and carotenoids. Field studies of samples of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) are of practical interest for identifying genotypes of various ecological and geographical origin with a high content of leaf pigments. In 2020-2021, 30 collectible images of spring barley were studied at the experimental field of the FARC North-East (Kirov) in a temperate continental climate. The standard is Belgorodstkiy 100. In the phase of the beginning of earing, the flag and sub-flag leaves were selected and the concentration of pigments in acetone extracts was determined by spectrophotometry. It was found that the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids depends on the conditions of the year, and the value of chlorophyll b depends on the combination of factors "genotype" and "years" (p ≥ 0.95). The Reyder and Odesskiy 115 were distinguished by the most stable pigment content in the flag leaf, and Landrace in the sub-flag leaf. High intergenotypic variability was observed in the content of chlorophyll b in both flag ( CV =23.5%) and sub-flag ( CV =43.6%) leaves. The samples Novichok, Crusades, Mentor and Sultan were isolated. Their leaves contained a large amount of chlorophyll. Reliably high number of carotenoids in the flag leaf was in samples Мestnyy (k-5983), Mie, NCL 95098, Rodos. Samples 752A and Rodos exceeded the control values for carotenoids in the sub-flag leaf. The content of pigments in the leaves can serve for the selection of collection samples and further breeding work aimed at improving the productivity of spring barley.