Selection of grass mixtures for cultivated pastures in the conditions of the Central Black Earth zone

Pasture forage is the most natural for summer housing of cattle, because along with motive animals receive all necessary vitamins, micro and macroelements. In pasture utilization it is required to give a uniform output of green fodder throughout the pasture season. Its completeness depends on the type of plants and component composition of grass mixtures, therefore, when creating cultivated pastures it is necessary to pay special attention to the selection of grasses. As it is known, the planned milk yield depends on the balance of the diet in terms of the main nutritional elements. In turn, the chemical composition of plants is greatly influenced by the phase of vegetation, the cycle of grass stripping and their sowing. Thus, the variation of nutritional elements in plants makes it difficult to balance rations. Inclusion of high-protein crops in grass mixtures increases the already sufficient protein content, which in turn leads to deterioration of the sugar-protein ratio. In conditions of pasture keeping of livestock, excessive protein and lack of energy, fiber, starch and minerals leads to digestive disorders, deterioration of animal health and underproduction of livestock products. Thus, full-fledged green fodder can be obtained only under certain conditions of its cultivation and use, as all nutritional elements and biologically active compounds are in direct dependence on the phase of vegetation of plants, component composition of grass mixtures and technological methods of cultivation. The article presents a review of sources on scientific substantiation of selection of perennial grasses for cultivated pastures in the conditions of the Central Black Earth zone.