Approaches to formation the initial material of durum wheat for breeding at the Middle Volga region

Broughted results of the evalution to efficiency of the approach to formation the initial material, founded on two cycles: 1) selection, creation or identification of the sources and donor genes and genetic assotiation; 2) creation donor with complex valuable traits, got on base of the recombinations genes and genetiс assotiation, identified in the first cycle. It Is Shown defining role in this process «base» genotyps. The Identification «base” genotyps is with big share of probability possible to realize in experimental block organized on gradient environment, using methods Kilichevskiy, Hotyleva (1997). Using of this methods for study contrasting cultivars, commencing from Harckovskaya 46 (5 stages to breedings) and before modern breeding lines, has distinctly shown value, for operative identification «base» genotyps, parameters to total adaptability (OAСi), relative stability (Sgi) and breeding value genotyp (СЦГi). The Modern set “base” genotyps includes the cultivars and breeding lines: Pamayty Chehovicha, Bezenchukskaya 205, Bezenchukskaya 207, Leukurum 1751, Marina. The Contribution these cultivars in formation of heredity prospects breeding material exceeds population mean significance in 2-3 times. This set “base” genotyps extended cultivars Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya, Bezenchukskaya krepost, Bezenchukskaya 210, 1389да-1, 1477д-4 (all Samara Research Institute of Agriculture), 98с-08 (SouthEast Research Institute of Agriculture). It Is Shown that making the initial material carrying complex valuable traits (resistance to sheet disease, drought, solidness stem, reduction of the height of the plants, contents carotinoids), comprised of «framework of genetc» of to adaptability «base» genotyps, efficient and reliable way to evolutions initial and breeding material of the durum at the middle Volga Region. Narrowing the genetic diversity, connected with history process of the formation «base» genotyps, definable contribution to their heredity germplasm several cultivars, is offered overcome when making the initial material by intensive using interspecies cross.