Approaches to the development of technology for managed vegetable growing in closed artificial agroecosystems

Degradation of fertile lands, inefficient methods of cultivating it, and extensive expansion of production in the future may lead to an environmental disaster and a decrease in agricultural output. One of the solutions in this situation is the transformation of agriculture into automated and robotic industrial production. Robotic closed artificial agroecosystems can become an integral part of agriculture and increase its effectiveness. The possibility of building vertical farms in any climatic conditions, lighting and microclimate with optimized characteristics allow to obtain plant products of the required quality, taking into account phenological and species characteristics. Off-site crop production technologies, which include hydroponics, aquaponics and aeroponics, minimize two major agricultural problems: soil degradation as a result of their agricultural use and the dependence of crops on natural disasters, especially droughts. In addition, the introduction of these technologies will reduce costs, manage quality characteristics and reduce the duration of the agricultural production cycle. The article discusses a detailed solution to the problem of overcoming technical, technological, resource, environmental and other restrictions for the introduction of robotic closed artificial agroecosystems.