Burial complexes of the east variant Pakhomovo culture from the site Gandichevsky sovhoz (Baraba forest-steppe)

Purpose. The article is devoted to burial complexes of the site Gandichevsky sovhoz, which belongs to the east variant of the Pakhomovo culture and is situated in the Baraba forest-steppe. There were found three ground constructions of this culture. After dismantling them, we discovered three burials. The burials were not disturbed and were situated on the level of the burial ground or in the mounds. The remains were disposed on the right or left side, with heads oriented southwards. Results. Our research showed that the population of the Pakhomovo culture had contacts with the autochthonous population of the Irmen' - Late Irmen' culture and learned from them certain features of funeral rites, such as burial of the dead on the burial ground crouched on the right side with the head oriented south-west. At the same time, the position of the buried on the right side as well as the instability of the remains orientation and of the accompanying equipment do not allow us to attribute these burials to the Irmen' culture. The analysis of the two complete ceramic vessels with respect to their molding compounds showed the presence of organic solution additives, fireclay, sand and gravel. In one case the fireclay is calibrated in the range of 1-1.9 mm, in the other - 0.2- 2 mm. The concentration of fire clay in the raw clay is 1 : 9 and 1 : 6 respectively. Crushed rock is mixed with fireclay and consists of crushed quartz and feldspar. Gravel is also calibrated, in one case in the range of 0.5-0.9 mm, in the other - 0.5-1.9 mm. The concentration of the crushed rock in the raw clay for both samples is about 1 : 6/7. In one case, we discovered artificially calibrated admixture of rounded sand (1-1.9 mm) in a concentration of not less than 1:4. The presence of crushed rock, which was detected in both vessels, is absolutely not typical for the Irmen' - Late Irmen' culture in the Baraba forest-steppe. The closest sites where ceramic with addition of crushed rock was found are known to be located on the ritual-industrial complex on the site Tartas-1, the east variant of the Pakhomovo culture, and also on the settlements or the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age on the territory of the Irtysh and Ob' basins. Conclusion. Our analysis of the funeral rites and ceramic products shows that the materials from the mounds #7-9 from the Gandichevsky sovhoz cemetery are most similar to the findings on the sites of the east variant of the Pakhomovo culture, in particular, on the Stary Sad necropolis and can be dated as a transition period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (second half of the 10th - 8th centuries BC). Now the burial ground Gandichevsky sovhoz is the most eastern site for this cultural formation, which suggests the local groups moving to the east. The site Gandichevsky sovhoz is very important for understanding the Stary Sad necropolis with eight cases of bones found in the mounds. Without relation to the Gandichevsky sovhoz, it was difficult to identify and date the burials. Currently these burials are precisely interpreted as burials on the level of the burial ground in the mounds, which corresponds to the burial rite of the population of the east variant of the Pakhomovo culture. It is considered to have appeared under the influence of the autochthonous population of the Irmen' - Late Irmen' culture.