The bone and antler belt set of the Lola cultural tradition in the context of chronology, cultural and genetic processes and intercultural contacts

The paper analyzes a belt set made of bone and antler that is ascribed to the Lola cultural traditions. It characterizes all belt buckles and pendants of the Lola and Nevinnomyssk cultures as well as the Volga-Urals cultural group known to date. It also determines their chronology both within separate cultures and within the entire post-Catacomb family of cultures. The paper describes the mechanisms of origin of some belt set types linked to the Caucasus as well as specific types of belt sets developed by the aforementioned populations. The bone and antler buckles are used to reconstruct intercultural links between the Lola contexts and the Babino and Pokrovka traditions.