Indicators of energy and mineral metabolism in the blood of high-yielding cows in different physiological periods under different technologies

We study the biochemical composition of blood serum of highly productive animals in the periods of milking, heat, fading of lactation, in the dry period, with the tethered method of housing and robotic method of milking in the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation, with the production experiment in the conditions of the Vologda region, conducted on the basis of the agricultural enterprise PZK “Aurora” within the framework of the research project FMGZ-2022-0003. The main objective of the research is to study the dynamics of parameters of energy metabolism (glucose, ketone bodies) and mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus). In the course of the work, we found that the amount of calcium, phosphorus and ketone bodies in animals was normal in the period of peak lactation, but the level of glucose was lower than normal by 14.2%. During the milking period, we note a visible decrease in all indicators except calcium. The amount of calcium, phosphorus, ketone bodies was slightly lower, and glucose was 6.1% higher than normal during the dry period. The level of phosphorus, glucose and ketone bodies is higher than reference values, calcium is within the normal range during robotic milking of cows. The values of all indicators are higher in comparison with tethered housing of animals. Analyzing the results of blood biochemistry of highly productive cows in different physiological cycles, it is possible to timely identify deviations in mineral and energy metabolism. Thus, the indicators obtained by biochemical analysis of cows’ blood are of practical importance for preparation and adjustment of rations taking into account physiological needs of animals during the period of milking, heat, extinction of lactation and dry stool, for prevention of metabolic disorders and maintenance of productive health of high-yielding animals.