Polymorphism of gene CAPN1 of cattle of Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed breeds

The aim of the research is studying of polymorphism of gene CAPN1 in cattle of Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed breeds, belonging to the agricultural productive cooperative “Plodovitoe” of Maloderbetovsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia and the farm “Shapieva N.S.” of the Privolzhsky district of the Asrakhan region. They were taken 60 samples from Kalmyk cattle, 51 samples from Kazakh white-headed cattle. Extraction of DNA of blood samples was performed on the system of automatic extraction of nucleic acids Auto-Pure mini, Allsheng. Genotyping was performed with a device Roto-Gene Q used to carry out polymerase chain reaction on a real time. As a result of the given research among the animals of the Kalmyk cattle 14 and 36 heads with homozygous genotypes CC and CG were revealed, respectively, and 10 heads with heterozygous were revealed. In a herd of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed the following results: with genotype CC - 4 heads, with genotype CG - 9 heads, with genotype GG - 38 heads were obtained. Analysis of the genetic structure of the CAPN1 gene showed that the frequency of occurrence of the desired C allele in Kalmyk cattle was 2%, in the cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed - 17%, the frequency of the G allele in the Kalmyk breed - 68%, Kazakh white-headed - 83%. The frequency of occurrence of the CC genotype was: in the Kalmyk breed - 23%, in the Kazakh white-headed 8%. The GG gene type is found with the highest frequency in both studied livestock (60-74%). The indicator of observed heterozygosity in cattle of Kalmyk (0,17) and Kazakh white-headed breeds (0,18) is almost at the same level. The fixation index in cattle of the Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed breeds is 0,6 and 0.3, respectively, what indicates a significant lack of heterozygotes. In both of the livestock studied by us, there is an exceeding of the expected heterozygosity over the observed one.