Polymorphism of initial growth indicators in modern spring wheat varieties

The results of the research showed that in spring wheat during seed germination the root develops more actively, and only then, the sprout does. It was found out that the gene pool of the culture is characterized by a wide polymorphism of initial growth indicators. The genotypic differences begin to appear on the 7th day of the development and persist for 21 days. The length of the sprout in the varieties changes in the range: on day 7 - from 9.39 to 15.76 cm, on day 14 - from 17.20 to 29.48 cm, on day 21 - from 19.85 to 30.98 cm. The length of the root varies in the following way: on the 7th day - from 12.53 to 18.06 cm, on the 14th day - from 20.39 to 25.47 cm, on the 21st day - from 20.45 to 31.45 cm. The ratio of root length to stem length in the studied varieties of spring wheat was: on day 7 - 1.03-1.61; on day 14 - 0.38-0.74; on day 21 - 0.76-1.43. This makes it possible to select genotypes with different indicators of the initial growth and create varieties that are resistant to early spring droughts. The strongest influence on the drought resistance of spring wheat varieties is provided by the length of the sprout in the first 7 days of seedling development. The correlation coefficient was significant and was + 0.45. It is concluded that at early stages of organogenesis in spring wheat, the genotypes of plants that have more actively developed roots and sprouts will have advantages. Such features are observed by the varieties Ul'yanovskaya 105, Donskaya Elegiya, Donela M, Bezenchukskaya Niva and Hutoryanka, which can be used in the crop selection as a promising source material.