Species composition of natural regeneration in spruce snag stands after bark-beetle outbreak in the Moscow region

Tree species regeneration (species composition and height structure) was studied in preserved Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) forests 10 years after bark beetle ( Ips typographus) outbreak. The research was carried out in three spruce forest types of Zvenigorod leskhoz, Moscow region. Saplings of rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ) absolutely dominate in tree regeneration and form a new canopy 5 m in height. Spruce saplings are of the second importance, while the spruce density is much lower than density of rowan, especially in the height group 5–8 m. Regeneration of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), Birch ( Betula sp.) and other tree species is really scarce.