Following a postoperative pain in the early and late period during surgical intervention on the cervical and lumbosacral spine

From year to year, postoperative pain syndrome following a surgical intervention on the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine becomes an increasingly serious problem for spine surgeons. The treatment of such a pathology requires a multidisciplinary approach. Drug therapy does not always provide the desired outcome. Non-drug approaches, such as neuromodulation with a surgically implanted spinal cord stimulator or non-invasive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, are currently in great demand. However, given the fact that prevention is always better than treatment, specialists have to always take into account the possible adverse factors which may contribute to the appearance of postoperative pain. The patient's psychoemotional state plays not the least important role among those factors.