Postural stability of highly qualified swimmers in different periods of the training cycle

Relevance. Postural stability of a person is an important informative indicator of the functional state of systems for the regulation of motor functions. Therefore, one of the factors of success in sports, in particular in swimming, is the development of statokinetic qualities. In different periods of the training process, adaptive changes in the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory systems affect orthostatic indicators, which can affect the technical and tactical abilities of a swimmer and determine his sports success. Stabilography techniques allow to study the static-dynamic stability of the human body system with great accuracy. In connection with this, the purpose of this work was to study the statokinetic mechanisms of highly qualified swimmers in the preparatory and competitive periods of the training cycle.Methods. The article presents the results of the study of stabilographic stability in 10 qualified swimmers, obtained using a computer stabilizer “Stabilan - 01”. Involuntary coordination activity and the effect of visual deprivation on upright standing stability were studied using the standard Romberg test in the preparatory and competitive periods of the training cycle. A comparative analysis of stabilographic indicators in tests with open and closed eyes was carried out, followed by the calculation of the rank correlation coefficient.Results. The results of the studies carried out at the stage of preparation for competitive activity showed a significant decrease in the values during visual deprivation of the quality of the balance function, the average speed of movement of the center of pressure and the linear speed of oscillation of the center of pressure. During the competitive period, there was a significant decrease in most of the stabilographic indicators, which indicates a less perfect regulation of the statokinetic stability of swimmers. Correlation analysis revealed the specifics of the dynamics of indicators in the Romberg position. A significant number of connections between the studied parameters were obtained in swimmers during the competitive period, whichimplies a decrease in the coordination of the functions of the balance maintenance systems.Conclusion. The revealed significant positive correlations of the values of the deviation of the center of pres- sure and angular velocity in the preparatory period of the training cycle demonstrate a high level of postural stability of swimmers. The stressful situation of the competitive period negatively affects the effectiveness of maintaining the vertical posture, is accompanied by a significant decrease in the integral indicator of the quality of the balance function, especially in conditions of visual deprivation. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out studies of physiological mechanisms that explain the peculiarities of body position control in athletes-swimmers.