Повышение конкурентоспособности овощных культур к сорным растениям посредством совершенствования методов борьбы

Повышение конкурентоспособности овощных культур к сорным растениям посредством совершенствования методов борьбы

Автор: Солдатенко Алексей Васильевич, Меньших Александр Михайлович, Федосов Александр Юрьевич, Ирков Иван Иванович, Иванова Мария Ивановна

Журнал: Овощи России @vegetables

Рубрика: Защита растений

Статья в выпуске: 2 (64), 2022 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Сорные растения являются основной угрозой в растениеводстве, и борьба с ними в современном сельском хозяйстве имеет решающее значение для предотвращения потерь урожая и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. Интенсивные методы ведения сельского хозяйства, изменение климата и стихийные бедствия влияют на динамику сорняков, что требует изменения методов борьбы с ними. Существующие способы больше не жизнеспособны из-за нехватки рабочей силы; методы химического контроля ограничены опасностями для здоровья и развитием устойчивости к гербицидам у сорных растений. В настоящей статье рассмотрены некоторые потенциальные альтернативные стратегии борьбы с сорняками в современном овощеводстве, которые осуществимы и эффективны. Повышение конкурентоспособности овощных культур посредством надлежащего планирования системы агротехнологий, профилактических, культурных и механических методов, создания конкурентоспособных сортов, аллелопатии, биологического контроля и снижение семенной продуктивности сорных растений при сборе урожая будет основным аспектом в устойчивом управлении сорняками. Улучшение режимов обработки почвы издавна считалось основной мерой борьбы с сорняками. Контроль семенной продуктивности сорных растений и их вредоносность были показаны как потенциальные инструменты для снижения всхожести семян сорняков и их сохранности в почве. Развитие аллелопатии привело к появлению новых методов борьбы с сорняками. Использование аллелопатического потенциала сельскохозяйственных культур также заслуживает упоминания в современных способах борьбы с сорняками. Термическая борьба с сорняками рассматривается в качестве полезного метода. Подчеркнута роль биогербицидов, как неотъемлемой части устойчивого управления сорняками. Все эти стратегии жизнеспособны для современного сельского хозяйства; однако, выбор конкретного способа и использование правильных комбинаций будет ключом к успеху. Ни одна стратегия не является идеальной, и поэтому комплексный подход может обеспечить лучшие результаты. Принятие таких методов может повысить эффективность систем земледелия в условиях устойчивого сельского хозяйства. Описан комплексный метод защиты овощных культур от сорных растений и пути снижения потенциальной засоренности полей семенами и всходами сорняков. Приведены оптимальные нормы и технологические особенности, условия эффективного применения современных гербицидов на посевах и посадках овощных культур.

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Сорняки, способы борьбы, овощные культуры, засоренность, гербициды, эффективность, методы контроля

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140293842

IDR: 140293842

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