Increasing soybean yield based on protection against fungal diseases

The goal is to improve the technology of protecting soybeans from fungal diseases based on new fungicides. The relevance of the research is due to a significant increase in the area occupied by soybeans and the need to protect the crop from diseases. The experimental site is located in the Orel district of the Orel region in the village of Lavrovo on the experimental field of the Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin. Grain and arable crop rotation was used, the predecessor was winter wheat. Soil type was dark gray forest medium loamy. The acidity of the soil was 5.7. Macronutrient content was P2O5-11.5 mg/100 g of soil, K2O-10.9 mg/100 g of soil, humus content - 4.1%. The variety of soy was Mezenka, seeds were of the 1st reproduction. Sowing was carried out in the first decade of May 2019 and 2020. Protectants were Maxim, KS (Fludioxonyl, 25 g / l). The plants were treated with Fungicides Propuls, SE (Pro-thioconazole, 125 g/l, Fluopyram, 125 g/l), Vintage, ME (Diphenoconazole, 65 g/l, Flutriafol, 25 g/l) and biofungicide Vitaplan, SP (Bacillus subtilis strain VCM-B-2604D, titer 1010 CFU/g and Bacillus subtilis strain VCM-B-2605D, titer 1010 CFU/g) at the end of June in the "branching" phase and again two weeks later in July in the "budding" phase. The treatment of soybean seeds with the fungicide Maxim, KS contributed to the protection of the crop from fungal diseases until the first decade of July. Double treatment of crops with Vitaplan biofungicide and Propuls and Vintage chemical fungicides had a significant impact on the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of chemical fungicides compared to biological ones was higher in the phase "full formation of beans - the beginning of maturation" by 9 and 15%, respectively. The increase in soybean yield compared to the control when using the drug Vitaplan was 10.4%, Propuls-16.4%, Vintage-17.9%.