Pragmatic items in everyday speech: definition of the concept and general typology

This article is dedicated to description and classification of specific units of spoken discourse. In some cases of their usage in everyday speech these units, which originate from both full and functional words, lose their lexical and / or grammatical meaning (in whole or in part) and get pragmatic meaning. Therefore such units change their class from the speech units to the relatively-speech (communicative-pragmatical) functional units of the Russian speech. Taking into account such pragmaticalization it is proposed to call these units pragmatemes. The article represents a survey of such items close to the pragmateme as discourse word, discourse unit, logical or modal particle, connector, speech automatism, verbal hesitation unit, pragmalexeme. The necessity for the new term is also explained. Suggested typology of the pragmatemes includes more than a dozen different classes such as interjectional pragmatemes, hesitative, discourse and rhythm - forming markers, search and self - correction markers, xenomarkers, reflexive markers, markers - approximators etc. The material being analysed is considered against a background of other specific features of the Russian speech, which can be elicited at lexical and discourse levels of the analysis. In all the cases multifunctionality of pragmatemes is stated. Discourse analysis is based on corpora material: a Section of Spoken Russian of the Russian National Corpus and the Speech Corpus of Russian Everyday Communication (ORD and SAT modules).