Orthodox and Islamic clergy of the Southern Ural and Middle Volga in the second half of the 19th century

The clergy of the southern Urals and the Middle Volga region of the 19th century in the performance of important state tasks in the spiritual Association of citizens, preventing national conflicts, reduce social inequality in Russian society in the second half of the 19th century. A distinctive features of the second half and the end of the nineteenth century was the integration of the clergy with other classes. The welfare of the middle and lower clergy depends on the quality of life of parishioners and priests of a region were at a low level of socio-economic security. The government was forced to seek opportunities for social development in part of persons of spiritual estate. Clergy children begin to accept secular educational institutions and civil military service. Since 1871 the children of the clergy are equal to children of personal noblemen, and treat hereditary honorary citizenship and personal citizenship, which opened the way to industrial and commercial businesses. The proportion of clergy in the population of the southern Urals in 1867 was 1% (0.95%), and in 1897 - 0.3%, and quantifies the clergy was reduced from 22.65 thousand people to 10 289 thousand. In Russia in General this figure also decreased from 1,2% in 1858 to 0,9% in 1870. Russian priests in the clergy of all Christian denominations of the Middle Volga and southern Urals in the late 19 century was the most - 98%. In Ufa and Orenburg provinces had a fairly high percentage of the Muslim priests, as the population of the Mohammedan religion. So, in the Ufa province in the late 19th century there were 1680, representative of the Muslim clergy, which amounted to 38.0% of the total number of the clergy of the province.