Legal regulation of the participation of citizens in the protection of public order: experience of Russia and Kazakhstan

Introduction: the article examines the current state of the legal regulation of public relations that develop in the process of citizens’ participation in the protection of public order in Russia and Kazakhstan. Materials and methods: the normative basis of the study is formed by the norms of the current Russian and Kazakh legislation governing public relations that are emerging in the field of public assistance to the internal affairs bodies to ensure public order and public safety. The methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which is universal in nature, the methods of logical deduction, induction, cognitive methods, comparison, analysis, synthesis and description. The results of the study: of the researching allowed to formulate generalizations and proposals aimed at improving legislation in the field of citizens’ participation in crime prevention and public order protection. Findings and Conclusions: legislation regulating the participation of citizens in the protection of public order in Russia and Kazakhstan 1) taking into account the hierarchy of normative legal acts, it is built in the states under consideration according to a similar system: basic constitutional norms; special federal laws on the participation of the population in ensuring law and order, other federal laws, departmental acts; regional and local / municipal regulations; 2) has a similar content: at the federal level of legal regulation, we are talking about special laws, the subject of regulation of which is similar issues: the principles and forms of participation of the population in ensuring law and order, the legal status of such citizens. At the regional and local levels of legal regulation, there is a concretization and detailing of certain aspects of the activity under consideration; 3) in general, it sufficiently consolidates the procedure for interaction of the internal affairs bodies with the population for the prevention of offenses and the forms of citizens’ participation in the protection of public order. In order to improve the mechanism of interaction with citizens who provide assistance in the protection of public order, proposals have been formulated to improve the legislation on the participation of citizens in the protection of public order in the Republic of Kazakhstan.