Predictors of cardiac remodeling and cardio-vascular fitness of athletes

For years the special characteristics of athletes’ cardiac remodeling have been investigated by means of echocardiography under different types of exercise load. Three types of remodeling are revealed: two of them (adaptive remodeling and remodeling of normal ventricular geometry) are characterized by the physiological adaptive morphological and functional changes in myocardium. The third one (non-adaptive remodeling) has the characteristics of pathological reactions. It was found that the character of cardiac remodeling is determined by the level of physical and functional training of athletes, their health, and the intensity of training and competitive load.