The subject analysis of payment systems characteristics

The article deals with the analysis of payment systems aimed at identifying the categorical terminological apparatus, proving their specific features and revealing the impact of payment systems on the state of money turnover. On the basis of the subject analysis, the author formulates the definitions of a payment system (characterized by increasing speed of effecting payments, by the reduction of costs, by high degree of payments convenience for subjects of transactions, by security of payments, by acceptable level of risks and by social efficiency), a national payment system, and a local payment system (characterized by the growth of economic and social efficiency of systems participants, by the process of money turnover optimization on the basis of saving transaction costs and increasing speed of money flows within the local payment systems). According to the economic levels, the payment systems are divided to macrosystems (national payment systems), mezosystems (payment systems localized on the operational and territorial basis), microsystems (payments by individual economic subjects). The establishment of qualitative features of payment systems, which is a basis of the author's terminological interpretation, gave a possibility to reveal the cause-effect relations of payment systems influence on the state of money turnover in the involved subjects, and on the economy as a whole. The result of the present research consists in revealing the payment systems influence on the state of money turnover which is significant: at the state and regional level - in the optimization of budget and inter-budgetary relations, in acceleration of the money turnover, in deceleration of the money supply and inflation rate, in reduced need in money emission; at the level of economic entities - in accelerating the money turnover and accounts receivable, in the reduction of debit and credit loans, in the growth of profit (turnover); at the household level - in reduction of payment costs, in increasing the purchasing power, in deceleration of the need for short-term loans, in acceleration of the capacity of savings and investment. The results of the research may be used in the elaboration of the strategy of the payment system development and in the formation of the national payment system.