Crimes related to voter registration and inclusion in electoral lists: a comparative legal study (Syria, Egypt and Iraq)

This article is aimed at a comparative analysis of the legislation of three countries - Syria, Egypt and Iraq - in the context of criminal liability for crimes related to manipulation in electoral processes, especially in voter registration and compilation of electoral lists. The study uses the method of comparative legal analysis, analyzing the legislation of Syria, Egypt and Iraq regarding crimes related to voter registration. The study is based on a systematic analysis of relevant laws, amendments and regulations defining criminal liability for violations in this area. Comparative analysis allows us to identify significant differences in approaches to criminal liability for crimes related to voter registration in Syria, Egypt and Iraq. In particular, the differences in punishments for such crimes provided for by the laws of each country were revealed. Egyptian legislation demonstrates a stricter attitude and tougher penalties compared to Syrian and Iraqi, especially with regard to the theft, concealment or destruction of voter data. These results underline the relevance and importance of further developments in the field of election legislation in the region.