The use of mixed reality during the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

Introduction. Purpose: to advance the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) through the use of mixed reality (MR) technology.Materials and methods. 47 patients with LPN were enrolled in the prospective research from June 2020 to February 2021 after institutional review board approval. Patients were randomly assigned to two different groups: the control group, which included 24 patients, was operated with an intraoperative ultrasound (US) control, while the experimental group, which included 23 patients, was operated with smart glasses with the individual MR model of the organ with a tumor. Our team takes credit for the creation of an open-source software package, “HLOIA,” which was tested in the experimental group. Demographic, perioperative, and pathological data sets were collected separately for each individual patient. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to evaluate the utility of an MR model during LPN. It was completed by the surgeon immediately after LPN.Results. Experimental group outperformed the control group in several criteria, such as the time for renal pedicle exposure and the time from the renal pedicle to the detection of tumor localization (p