Principle of operation of GNSS, designed to solve navigation problem

The article presents the main characteristics and principles of operation of global satellite navigation systems (GNSS), which are used to solve navigation problems using artificial Earth satellites. The authors study the key requirements, advantages and disadvantages of operating satellite radio navigation systems (SRNS). The article describes a pseudo-rangefinding method, which provides high accuracy of measurements by using signals from four navigation satellites (NSS) and solving a system of equations. A differential method that increases the accuracy of navigation data is also considered. However, the effectiveness of these methods depends on the distance to the control stations, which may limit their application. The article provides diagrams of navigation subsystems and identifies three types of functional additions that differ in problem solving methods and arrangement of elements. Despite the need to solve a number of technological and operational problems, further development of SRNS can significantly improve the quality of navigation services.