Principles of constructive-rational assessment of humanization ideas in bioethics

Philosophy occupies a special place in knowing and understanding the world. When studying the world, in contrast to the sciences, which are called natural or social objects that have their own characteristics and laws of development, philosophy studies the world as a single integrated system. It is known from the history of philosophy that since ancient times man did not consider himself separate from the universe. Because even at that time, its existence was considered to be in harmony with nature. Nature is perceived as a symbol of excellence. Thus, the human form is indestructible, inseparable and inseparable from nature. This stage of the development of medical ethics is characterized by such a process as the synchronization of the image of the person with nature. Therefore, at this stage, the famous "Oath" of Hippocrates, regardless of social or other situation, reflected the human attitude that depends on the person and his personality.

The transformation of the human image has also changed medical ethics, which is a component of social ethics. In the medical ethics of the neo-humanist, the image of the individual has a transformational character. In the 20th century, advances in medicine continued to develop: psychopharmacology, kidney dialysis, organ transplants, safe medical abortion, birth control, prenatal diagnosis, the widespread use of intensive care and artificial ventilation, the drastic change of dying at home to hospital or other aspects, the first problems of genetic engineering and others are included.

Biomedical advances and their technological applications have also changed traditional perceptions of human nature and the possibilities of medicine. For example, medical diagnosis has become a tool that radically changes the course of disease and delays death. Society's reaction to such clear ideas about human life gave rise to the field of bioethics. Today, medical biotechnology is rapidly developing all over the world, for example, in some countries, such as Japan, it has been declared a "strategic industry". M. Khyauryu divides the issue of values in the field of bioethics into two types: pragmatic or consequentialist, that is, deontological or absolute judgments that are independent of the possible results of one or another biotechnological procedure, as well as the consequences of the subject of discussion.

In conclusion, it can be said that bioethics knowledge has a complex structure and is characterized by interaction with different forms of knowledge, which allows to distinguish between internal and inter-systemic aspects when considering the science of bioethics. In the modern system of knowledge, bioethics is manifested at the level of scientific and philosophical fundamental knowledge. This position of bioethical knowledge is related to its interdisciplinary and inseparable nature, as well as to the understanding of the most complex relationships that are currently implemented in the interaction of a person with objects of living nature. Bioethics as a field of knowledge combines elements of various sciences (categories, laws, principles, concepts, etc.) and non-scientific forms of knowledge (religion, mysticism, art, philosophy). In the science of bioethics, the principle of integration manifests itself as a human being as the central object and subject of moral relations.