Principles of gradation of categorical feature values in the language: through the example of the opposition горячий - холодный

The qualitative and quantitative transition is the basis of the processes of transformation and development of the static quality values (basic objects characteristics) in languages of different types. The process of development and change of the quality meanings are performed while maintaining their essence, thereby ensuring the equilibrium of the system as a whole. These basic characteristics are as follows: 1. General physical parameters, based on characteristics of three-dimensional space - the size, volume: большой - маленький (large - small), height: высокий - низкий (high - low), length: длинный - короткий (long - short), width: широкий - узкий (wide - narrow), shape: прямой - кривой (straight, curve), structure: простой - сложный (simple - complex). 2. Qualitative characteristics of the material (substance), which comprises the subject matter (physical properties) - weight: тяжелый - легкий (heavy - light), temperature: го рячий - холодный (hot - cold), hardness: твердый - мягкий (hard - soft), strength: прочный - хрупкий (robust - fragile), elasticity: упругий - вязкий (elastic - viscous) (in the colloquial language вязкий - твердый ), fluidity, volatility: летучий - статичный (volatile and static), transparency: прозрачный - мутный ( матовый ) (transparent - turbid (fluid), mat (solid), flexible: эла стичный - жесткий (flexible - rigid), ability to stretch: эластичный - жесткий (elastic - stiff), structure: плотный - рыхлый, цельный - фрагментарный (tight - loose, complete - fragmented). The article is considered the main variants of realization attribute values within a united semantic category of temperature, through the example of the opposition hot - cold in Russian: жаркий ( знойный, огонь ) hot (fire) - горячий thermal - теплый warm - прохладный cool - холодный cold - морозный ( ледяной ) frosty (ice). We use the principle of numeric grades as a basic for determining the levels of gradation and features of the implementation of the results of qualitative and quantitative transition of values on morphological, phraseological and syntactic levels Particular attention is drawn to the syntactic features of temperature semantic adjectives and their possibility to make up correct word combinations with the nouns denoting objects, atmospheric phenomena, emotions, relations between people, and their expression of emotions and beliefs.