Principles of transportation of donor organs and tissues for transplantation

Objective: to develop a comprehensive protocol for the transportation of donor organs and tissues for transplantation, taking into account modern international standards, Russian legislation requirements, and identified legal conflicts. Materials and methods. An analysis of current Russian and international legislation in the field of biological materials transportation, IATA standards, aviation security requirements, and practical experience of leading transplantation centers was conducted. Regulatory documents from the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ministry of Transport of Russia, Roszdravnadzor, and customs authorities were studied. Results. A protocol has been developed that includes requirements for couriers, packaging of biomaterials according to IATA P650 standard, donor organ labeling, documentation workflow, and incident management. Significant legal conflicts were identified: contradiction between the requirement of Ministry of Health Order No. 567n regarding the use of special signals and the prohibition of their use in the absence of a patient; exceeding the volume of liquid in organ packaging beyond the established aviation regulations (100 ml); non-compliance of container sizes with airline hand luggage requirements. Conclusions. Modern donor organ transportation requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, aviators, and regulatory authorities. It is necessary to eliminate the identified legal conflicts, develop special agreements with airlines, and create unified standards to ensure efficient and safe delivery of vital biomaterials. Practical significance. The protocol can be used by transplantation centers to organize donor organ transportation, while the identified legal conflicts require attention from legislators to improve the regulatory framework.