The nature of the Koran and Islam in the context of dialectictic of philosophical epistemology

This article considers problems of research of the book of Muslims that represents the fundamental document and defines all spiritual and practical nature of Islam. Relevance of this work proceeds from the dialectic nature of the doctrine of the prophet Muhammad who laid the foundation of monotheist religion. The unity of contrasts as fundamentals of monotheism causes certain difficulties in comprehension of sense both Christianity, and Islam. As a result of misunderstanding of the dialectic nature of Moslem there is a genesis destructive concepts, which were realized in geopolitical threat to humanity. The main methods of this research are dialectical and historical methods, they allow to receive objective and consistent results. The dialectics allows consider the Koran and Islam as the cultural phenomenon that consists of contrasts like all objects and processes of life. The principle of historicism represents a possibility of comparison of events of the past and the present to reach scientific truth and form valid conclusions in fact of a problem. In the course of work were received data that the Koran and Islam as monotheist religion, from the genesis to the present are studied by two opposite methods. Some researchers apply only scientific and materialistic methods, considering Islam as the socio-political phenomenon caused by the concrete socio-historical reasons. Their opponents investigate the nature of Islam as manifestation transcendental, otherworldly - metaphysical. For them the Koran and basic provisions of Islam are implementation of information of God (The absolute according to G. Hegel, Ideas according to Platon). Therefore they can be perceived only at the sincere level, directly from a source, without empirical experiences. Conclusions of this article can be used at the choice of methodology of the analysis of aspects Islamic and other monotheist beliefs. They will allow receive the objective decisions at research of sense modern destructive organizations (such as Al-Qaeda and DAISh) which cover the criminal activity with rhetoric and attributes of Muslims. Also information from this research will allow optimize process of educational activity in educational institutions, to bypass formation of the extreme points of view on problems of spiritual education causing negative reaction of youth.