The problem of emigration of Caucasian mountaineers in the middle of the XIX century

The article analyzes the problem of emigration of the highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the XIX century in the context of political and socio-economic events taking place in the Russian Empire. The article highlights the policy of tsarism in the region aimed at "cleansing the mountains from the natives". The features of the resettlement of various Caucasian peoples from open deportation to non-obstruction to emigration are revealed. The new military strategy in the Caucasus, the position of the main command in the region, their goal and plan, positive and negative sides, as well as consequences are characterized.