The problem of accidence and regularity in human genesis

The article examines the natural science theories of human formation and development. The current research paradigm in biology is based on the postulates of the synthetic theory of evolution, according to which the emergence of species was due to gene mutations and subsequent natural selection. The emergence of humans, like other species of animals and plants, is presented as an evolution based on chance. The presence in scientific discourse of alternative developmental theories, such as orthogenesis, does not, at least at this stage of natural science development, outweigh the relevance of the academic approach to the problem of species formation. The conclusion is drawn that human formation and development is a largely stochastic process, with some elements of regularity. The latter manifest themselves retrospectively as a major evolutionary pathway expressed in the increasing complexity of species organization and their relative autonomy from environmental influences.