Problems of financing public education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan and ways to overcome them

Автор: Sharapova M.A., Muminov D.A.

Журнал: Мировая наука @science-j

Рубрика: Основной раздел

Статья в выпуске: 4 (37), 2020 года.

Бесплатный доступ

This article describes the legal framework for financing the public education system, which is the main stage of the education system and focuses on the issue of financing to overcome the existing problems in this system, radically improve the work of the sector.

Public education, general secondary education, extracurricular education, sources of funding, budget funding, public education expenditures, funds, "modern school"

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140265557

IDR: 140265557

Текст научной статьи Problems of financing public education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan and ways to overcome them

In our country, the issue of ensuring a thorough education of young people, their respect for national traditions and values is one of the priorities of state policy. The ultimate goals of building a free democratic civil society, achieving high economic development and ensuring the well-being of the population cannot be achieved without radically changing the education system and rebuilding it on a modern basis. It is important for the country what the state of the education system in the country is, especially the public education system, and what kind of personnel will be trained in the future.

As a result of special attention to the education system of the country, the Law "On Education" and the National Program of Personnel Training were adopted on August 29, 1997. Taking into account the reforms carried out in recent years, on September 6, 2019 at a regular session of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis adopted a new version of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education". This law reflects the new norms and other concepts that provide for the expansion of the powers of public authorities in the field of education and the freedom of activity of educational institutions.

The introduction of effective mechanisms for managing the public education system, which is the main link in the education system, is the most important condition for raising the spiritual, moral and intellectual development of the younger generation to a qualitatively new level. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No PP-3931 dated September 5, 2018 “On measures to introduce new principles of governance in the public education system” amended the main tasks and activities of the Ministry of Public Education, as well as its organizational structure, central office and the structure of the territorial divisions was updated [1].

At present, the public education system includes general secondary and extracurricular education (children's music and art schools and “Barkamol Avlod” centers). At this point, we analyze the statistics on the public education system.

Table 1

Information on schools under the Ministry of Public Education of the

Republic of Uzbekistan and children studying in them (as of April 1, 2019) [2]

Indicators

Number of institutions, units

Number of children covered, people

1.

General secondary schools

9 691

5 800 000

2.

Non-governmental       educational

institutions

86

13 8000

3.

Clubs organized in Barkamol Avlod centers

5 540

143 000

4.

Specialized schools for children with physical or mental disabilities

86

20 610

5.

Specialized boarding schools for children with physical or mental disabilities

21

6.

Homes of Mercy

19

2 577

7.

Children's town

3

8.

Specialized educational institutions for children in need of upbringing and education in special conditions

2

Total

15 448

304187

As of April 1, 2019, the Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan has 9,691 secondary schools with a total number of 5.8 million students. 5,540 clubs have been established in out-of-school educational institutions, ie Barkamol Avlod centers, which provide opportunities for the development of children's creative abilities and talents, and they cover about 143,000 children.

There are 86 specialized schools and 21 boarding schools for children with physical or mental disabilities in the public education system, where 20,610 children study. Education of children in need of special upbringing and education is carried out in 2 specialized educational institutions. There are 2,577 orphans and children deprived of parental care in 19 orphanages and 3 children's towns.

As general secondary education is compulsory in our country, the costs are mainly financed by the state. According to Article 31 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", the financing of public educational institutions is carried out at the expense of the national and local budgets, as well as extrabudgetary funds.

Давлат бюджети харажатлари таркибида таълим харажатларини улушини кўрадиган бўлсак, жами таълим харажатлари 2016 йилд 33,8 фоизни, 2017 йилда 32,4 фоизни, 2018 йилда 24,8 фоизни, 2019 йилда 24,4 фоизни ташкил этган бўлса, 2020 йилда ўтган йилга нисбатан 1,5 фоизга камайиб 22,9 фоизни ташкил этади.

If we see the share of education costs in the structure of the state budget expenditures, the total education costs amounted to 33.8 percent in 2016, 32.4 percent in 2017, 24.8 percent in 2018, and 24.4 percent in 2019, in 2020 will be 22.9 percent, decreasing by 1.5 percent compared to previous year.

Table 2

The share of educational expenses in the state budget expenditures [3] (million soums)

Indicators

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020 (plan)

State budget expenses

40911

49344

78978

117789

131104

Education expenses

13832

15980

19568

28707

30048

The share of education expenses in budgetary expenditures, in %

33,8

32,4

24,8

24,4

22,9

General education expenses

7609

8886,6

12553

19432

20885

The share of general education costs in budgetary expenditures, in %

18,6

18,0

15,9

16,5

15,9

The share of Secondary Education in total educational expenditure, in %

55,0

55,6

64,1

67,7

69,5

The share of public education expenditures in total education expenditures was 55.0% in 2016, 55.6% in 2017, 64.1% in 2018, 67.7% in 2019, and in 2020 the expenditures of the education system amounted to 30,048 billion soums, or 69.5% of this amount or 20885 billion soums will be directed to general education.

Figure 1. The structure of expenditures allocated from the state budget in 2020 to finance the public education system, in billions of soums [4]

In 2020, the total state budget expenditures will amount to 131,104.5 billion soums. It is expected that 30,047.6 billion soums or 22.9% will be directed to education. 20,885.2 billion soums or 70% of the total cost of general education were allocated from the state budget to finance general education and out-of-school institutions. 482.0 billion soums will be spent for the maintenance of children's music and art schools and 151.5 billion soums for the maintenance of children's “Barkamol Avlod” centers.

In order to determine the priorities of systemic reform of general secondary and extracurricular education in the Republic of Uzbekistan, to raise the spiritual, moral and intellectual development of the younger generation to a qualitatively new level, to introduce innovative forms and methods of education in the educational process Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No:PF-5712 “On approval of the Concept of development of public education in the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030” was signed.

In this decree, the following problems in the area of financing of public education system were noted:

  • >    In the financing of the public education system requires the allocation and use of funds on the basis of an efficient and transparent system;

  • >    the main part of the state budget allocated to public educational institutions is spent on wages, and insufficient funds are allocated for the renovation of school equipment and materials, repair of school buildings.

In order to overcome these problems, a number of innovations were introduced in 2020 to finance the public education system. In particular, in accordance with Article 21 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020” No. URK-589 dated December 9, 2019, the costs of secondary schools, ie the first and second groups were transferred from the national budget while it was left to local budgets. Also, as a pilot project, capital investments for the design, construction (reconstruction), overhaul and equipping of secondary schools in Tashkent were financed from the city budget of Tashkent.

Expenditures of the public education system will be covered by the Ministry of Public Education in order to ensure the efficient allocation and use of funds in the financing of the public education system from next year on the basis of an efficient and transparent system.

In this regard, we consider the expenditures financed from the republican budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan through the Ministry of Public Education.

Expenditures of the republican budget in 2020 will amount to 100,830.57 billion soums, of which 18,616.65 billion soums or 18.46% will be accounted for by the Ministry of Public Education. Including 17,267.18 billion soums (92.7%) for current expenditures, 1,283.27 billion soums (6.9%) for design, construction (reconstruction), equipment and capital investments, 66.21 billion soums (0.4%) are planned to be transferred to the Republican Book Fund.

In the decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PF-5538 "on additional measures to improve the management system of Public Education"dated September 5, 2018, it was noted that there are a number of problems and shortcomings in financing in the organization of management of the system of public education, practical coordination of activities of state general secondary educational institutions, measures to improve their material and technical condition. In order to financially support the public education system, taking into account inadequency of budget funds to address these problems, from November 1, 2018, the Republican Extra-budgetary Book Fund under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan was transferred to the Ministry of Public Education. In addition, the Fund for Support of Reforms in Public Education without the status of a legal entity and the Fund for the Development of Public Education with the status of a legal entity were established on January 1, 2019, and the sources of income and expenditures of the funds were identified [4].

Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on measures to organize “modern schools”” was signed on November 26, 2019 in order to restore new types of secondary education institutions corresponding to modern requirements and to bring General secondary education to a new level by applying modern pedagogical technologies in the educational process, ensuring free competition in the training of personnel. This decree envisages the construction and equipment of “modern schools”on the basis of advanced architectural solutions and energy-saving technologies suitable to the world standards, and on the basis of this project it is planned that funds in the amount of 4,05 trln soums are planned to be directed to the construction, reconstruction, repair and equipment of secondary schools in 2020-2022.

In conclusion, on the way to radical reform of financial management in the public education system of the country, strengthening the material and technical base at all levels of general education, providing modern equipment, teaching and laboratory equipment, improving state educational standards, creating new textbooks, most importantly, further improvement of the practice of financing the public education system to improve professional skills and competencies remain one of the urgent tasks of today.

Список литературы Problems of financing public education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan and ways to overcome them

  • Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2018 йил 5 сентябрда "Халқ таълими тизимига бошқарувнинг янги тамойилларини жорий этиш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида"ги ПҚ-3931-сонли Қарори [Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 5, 2018 No PP-3931 "On measures to introduce new principles of governance in the public education system"]//http://www.lex.uz.
  • Ўзбекистон Республикаси молия вазирлигининг расмий сайти маълумотлари. [Information from the official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan.] www.mf.uz.
  • Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2019 йил 29 апрелдаги "Ўзбекистон Республикаси Халқ таълими тизимини 2030 йилгача ривожлантириш Концепциясини тасдиқлаш тўғрисида" ПФ-5712-сонли Фармони [Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 29, 2019 No PF-5712 "On approval of the Concept of development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030"]//http://www.lex.uz.
  • Фуқаролар учун бюджет. 2020 йил [The budget for the citizens. 2020]//http://www.mf.uz.
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