Problems of small business in Russia

Today, small business is an important sector in the economy, which largely determines the further development of the economy as a whole.

I will say briefly what a small business is - a set of micro-enterprises and small businesses. According to the law "on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises"1 adopted by the state Duma of the Russian Federation in 2007, micro enterprises are recognized as companies with no more than 15 employees. Small enterprises - organizations with the number of employees from 16 to 100 people.

In developed countries, small business accounts for 60-70% of gross national product. 75-80% of jobs are provided at such enterprises. In Russia, about 20%.

On Мay 10, 2018 in Russia was 6 943 150 small businesses, including micro and small enterprises and entrepreneurs. According to statistics, only 3.4% of small businesses in Russia live more than three years, the rest are closed earlier. The growth rate of the number of registered individual entrepreneurs in our country remains low — every year their number increases by 4%, while the number of entrepreneurs who have ceased their activities increases by 11%. According to the Federal tax service in April 2015 in USRIE2 registered 3.5 million. Individual entrepreneurs, and stopped their activities for all time 7.7 million people." This is a very sad indicator.

From the point of view of the state, the entrepreneur is called upon to ensure the realization of the goals and interests of a higher order (maintenance of employment, economic assistance, etc.).

The path of an entrepreneur in Russia is not so simple, although, however, nothing is easy, but here is a completely different situation. Before the" young " entrepreneur and the company grows a lot of barriers and barriers. The shortcomings of the government's economic program in Russia hamper the development of small enterprises. Mainly, it concerns the system of taxation that takes from small businesses the bulk of the profits and makes it impossible to develop. It is worth noting and competition. Wages in many regions are very low, and in Moscow itself it is difficult to provide the family with the necessary benefits for the average salary, not to mention the low, hence the increasing number of registered enterprises and entrepreneurs. Also does not allow to forget about itself a difficult political situation. About the imperfection of the banking system can be written for a long time, but the most important drawback and a serious barrier to the entrepreneur – the difficulty of obtaining a loan and its huge interest rate. It turns out that small business works for the state, paying taxes and banks, giving them all the profits. If we add here the lack of initial capital, it is safe to say that in Russia there is no small business and here " reign whales"3 of entrepreneurship. All this forces small business to work in the shadow sector4.

Another drawback is the lack of support from the state. The Committee for the support and development of small enterprises and entrepreneurship, which aims to promote the development of small business in Russia, is unable to solve the problems of small business.

It is necessary to have a purposeful policy of the state, and for a very long time. It should consist of the following aspects:

• 1.    It is necessary to create a system of specialized institutions to ensure the development and implementation of state policy to support entrepreneurship;

• 2.    Adopt legislation that supports small business, development and implementation of specific programs at the state level;

• 3.    To establish tax benefits for the period of formation of a small enterprise, to remove taxes on investments and imported technologies,

• 4.    Reduce the interest rate on loans and create special credit programs;

• 5.    Ensure the safety and protection of entrepreneurs from criminal acts;

• 6.    Create specialized infrastructure to support entrepreneurship, created with the participation of public and private capital - funds, credit and insurance institutions, business incubators, industrial zones and training, Advisory, information, leasing, service structures;

• 7.    Provide the resource (production areas, land, equipment) and financial support (including budget allocations) necessary for the implementation of business support measures.

to introduce a differentiated approach to enterprises of different forms of activity;

For comparison, we can cite an example from foreign practice, where up to 90% of enterprises are small businesses, and it is constantly emphasized that small businesses need to be supported at the state level. This support comes in various forms, such as:

• •    Provision of tax benefits;

• •    Provision of concessional lending;

• •    Establishment of information technology Advisory centres;

• •    System of insurance of risks of production;

• •    Stimulating the production of the most promising products.

Russia has become a country with particularly high taxes. According to experts of the chamber of Commerce of the Russian Federation, the share of taxes and fees of Russia's GDP reaches 60%. While, for example, in France-44, Italy-39, Germany-38, UK-37, Japan-34, USA-30%.

Nevertheless, despite the seriousness of the above problems, small business in Russia should have prospects for serious development and I believe that the state should create favorable conditions in which small business can effectively achieve its goals - to minimize risk, maximize profits, have an effective impact not to increase the welfare of the people, the solution of socioeconomic problems of the state and society.

Sources:

• 1.    Federal law of 24.07.2007 N 209-FZ (as amended on 29.12.2015) "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation" July 24, 2007 N 209-FZ

• 2.    Small business resource center / access mode: https://rcsme.ru/ru/statistics

• 3.    Official site "News Agency of the Russian Imperial Union — order "Legitimist". (Small business in Russia: facts and figures.)/ Access mode: http://legitimist.ru

• 4.    Basics of entrepreneurship/ Electronic resource/ access mode: http://biz.mbdon.ru/book/3F.html

• 5.    Kraev N.M. State regulation of business. Society and economy. - 2012. - №7

"Экономика и социум" №12(55) 2018