Problems of social protection and poverty in Russia

To date, one of the main problems of the state is poverty. Increased interest in this theoretical problem in Russia is not accidental and is associated with the practice of market reforms that contributed to a sharp decline in the standard of living of the majority of the population [2, p.36]. Before considering the factors that affect such a socioeconomic phenomenon as poverty, consider the definition of poverty. In my understanding, poverty is the standard of living of the population, at the stage of which people live on means that are below the subsistence minimum. Scientists also believe that poverty is a condition where an individual or family does not have the means to meet basic needs for food, clothing, housing and transport [1, p.519].

These funds can consist of current income, transfer payments, past savings and property. Effective overcoming of poverty is impossible without a thorough understanding of the factors under the influence of which it is formed. Consider three main factors: the level of income of the population, the level of social security and inequality in the distribution of income. Let's start with a factor like income.

The federal government set a minimum level of income. Receiving income below this level, an individual or family is considered poor. So, according to 2013, the minimum level of income in Russia is 5,554 rubles. In 2012, the poverty rate, the percentage of people living in poverty, in the total population of Russia was 13% of the citizens of approximately 18 million people. The foregoing means that "labor poverty" prevails in Russia, since an employee earns such a salary for his work, which does not reproduce him, let alone his family [1]. At the heart of the welfare of each family is the pay of its employees. I believe that it is necessary to develop income-support programs, at least to increase the level of social security. For example, in the United States, in order to increase the income of the poor, a variety of mechanisms are used, in particular, training and training programs. Thus, in general, the financial situation of the population is not bad. Despite the fact that in Russia social assistance programs are being improved from year to year, the level of poverty of the population does not decrease, because, firstly, their income or the amount of pensions, scholarships do not increase, as prices for food and goods and services. In general, in order to overcome poverty, first of all, it is necessary to take measures to increase the minimum wage or to improve social protection programs. Take even the issue of maternity capital, which by the way is fraught with the emergence of a certain social trap. After using this relatively large lump sum by the family, the family is in a state of serious risk of poverty, since the additional family member that has appeared significantly reduces the per capita income level of the household. In a sense, "maternity capital" leads the family to impoverishment. Also, the level of poverty is affected by such factors as inequality in income distribution. A significant problem is the high interregional differentiation. Interregional differentiation is manifested due to the difference in the value of goods and services, the socio-economic development of the region, the development of the internal market of the region. In this regard, it is necessary to develop programs for the development of regions with a low level of economic growth. Increase employment by creating new jobs or moving labor to other functioning industries. To bring the cost of the subsistence minimum to the level of income taken when determining the poverty lines [2].

The concrete influence of the state on changing the structure of supply on the labor market, and thus the territorial structure of employment, can become more visible, for example, in the field of training and retraining of personnel, information support of the labor market, some administrative and, to a lesser extent, economic support for legal entrepreneurship, creating jobs. It is also necessary to raise wages in the regions. An increase in the average wage level in branches of the real economy will increase the interest of entrepreneurs in increasing investments for enterprise modernization and saving labor costs. These measures will reduce the poverty level of the population as a process of harmonizing society and the state. Without solving these problems and creating a motivational mechanism for realizing the existing human potential, the peoples of Russia will not have the opportunity in the foreseeable future to live up to the standards of a decent standard and quality of life.

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