Problems of teaching etiquette to Russian-speaking students of academic lyceums

Since the requirements of the National Program for the Training of Personnel and the Reform of Higher Education in Uzbekistan suggest qualitative changes in teaching, the best advanced experience of methodologists should be generalized, and textbooks specifically designed for teaching lyceums to the Uzbek language should be improved. When teaching Russian-speaking high school students, it is necessary to develop free communication skills in the language being studied, that is, to consolidate and develop the acquired skills and abilities in school on a more complex and new language for students and informative material based on the spiritual, historical and cultural heritage of the peoples Of Uzbekistan. The system of teaching a second language should ensure the integration of the activity of learning with the activity of real communication.

When teaching Russian-speaking students of academic lyceums to the formulas of Uzbek speech etiquette, special attention should be paid to the formation of adequate communication in the state language within the educational and everyday sphere, for which the Uzbek language is non-native. When we are surrounded by people, our speech behavior is accompanied by manners and circulation forms that we can use in a given situation. It is these entrenched formulas of speech behavior called speech etiquette.

The national-cultural level of language proficiency involves the use of special language tools characteristic of the language being studied, that is, cultural material. Cultural material is necessary for the formation and development of communicative competence, contributing to an adequate perception of the national language picture of the world, the formation of background knowledge about the people - the carrier of the language. The culture of communication, as is well known, manifests itself primarily in respect for another person, courtesy and benevolence, which verbally expressed in speech etiquette. The general culture of Uzbek speech in Russian-speaking students of academic lyceums will be improved if they identify speech etiquette formulas in the Uzbek and Russian languages, identify difficulties in learning them, familiarize students with the national-cultural specificity of using Uzbek language etiquette, if in the process of teaching Uzbek language a special the system of tasks and exercises that form the possession of the formulas of the speech etiquette of the Uzbek language in the educational and everyday sphere. Then the mastery of Uzbek speech etiquette by Russian-speaking students will meet the requirements of the State educational standard.

When teaching, speech etiquette should be considered as the main component of the development of the culture of Uzbek speech and the formation of communicative competence of students of academic lyceums in the Uzbek language and identify difficulties in the assimilation of speech etiquette by Russian-speaking students. Etiquette is expressed, as has been said, not only in behavior, but also in speech. The word “culture” in scientific understanding means a set of results and processes of any social activity of a person. The concept of “culture” is associated with the culture of communication, which is primarily reflected in its etiquette units.

The Uzbek language has a unique use of subtle nuances of the expression of the means of speech etiquette. The successful description and correct understanding of speech culture, the qualities of good speech are reflected in the works of Central Asian scholars and poets. For example, in his works “On Language and Speech”, “Decency”, “Culture of Speech”, Navoi reflects on the development of the Uzbek literary language, considers the Uzbek language to be one of the richest languages. Works of Imoniy “Badoe-ul Lukat”, a work of Mirzo Meedihon “Sanglah” are devoted to the Uzbek literary language. They bring together an unusually rich heritage of the ancient Turkic peoples in the sphere of speech culture. From the very beginning, it is very important to use cultural material in the lessons of the Uzbek language, which helps students to better understand the material studied. This in turn helps to stimulate students' cognitive interest, which in turn develops and deepens the desire to better learn and learn the Uzbek language. It is necessary for students to understand the importance of learning along with the Uzbek language and the culture of the Uzbek people as one of the factors enriching their own culture and realize the need for this knowledge in the future.

During the lessons of the Uzbek language, it is required to teach students not only to speak and write in the Uzbek language, but also to give them a certain amount of communication skills that they could apply in their future activities. Knowledge of the specific characteristics of a culture of a certain ethnos allows one to get closer to understanding its national psychology. In Uzbek, there is a whole system of related words used as forms of attracting attention and appeals from a friendly - polite, modest, neutral or official colors, many forms of greetings, requests, thanks and apologies for which special vocabulary is used.

For eastern countries, in the situations of addressing and attracting attention, the gender sign plays a significant role. A relatively large politeness is addressed to the male sex. It should be noted that Uzbek children also turn to unfamiliar, unfamiliar, adults and relatives exclusively to “You”. This is a sign of good breeding. In Russian, children refer to unfamiliar and unfamiliar adults to “you,” and to relatives in “you.” In Uzbek, the most characteristic is the use of the formula for converting the terms of kinship - aka, opa, where when referring to sister use the word “oops”, that is, sister. These treatments can be used to non-native blood. The word “aka” in the Uzbek language has several meanings: 1) appeal to the eldest by age, 2) due to social status, 3) as neutral to the unfamiliar, 4) as an expression of kinship. Often use just “aka”, “opa”. In relation to the elder brother or sister, the use of the words “aka”, “opa” expressed an age difference. It showed respect for the elders. It should be noted that in the Uzbek language, the appeal of the type “aka” is characterized by several signs: 1) appeal to the eldest by age ; 2) social status; 3) neutral to the unfamiliar; 4) as a “brother”.

Thus, in the speech etiquette of the Uzbek and Russian languages, formulas characteristic of both speech cultures and specific ones characteristic of only one national speech culture function. The revealed differences showed that the problems of national psychology are closely intertwined with the problems of culture and communication culture. Establishing and maintaining the desired contact will be significantly effective in familiarizing Russianspeaking students with the national-cultural norms of communication in Uzbek culture using the example of RE and will increase the level of general culture.

"Экономика и социум" №4(59) 2019