Problems of import substitution in dairy cattle breeding of Russia

The article gives the estimation of dairy cattle breeding development of Russia and the CFD (the Central Federal District) for 2006-2012. It is stressed that because of the number of macroeconomic neglects (disparity of prices in the chain: producer - processing - trade, the absence of due attention to private farm holdings) 46,8% regions of the country and 70,6% regions of the CFD decreased milk gross output. As a result in the country the increase of gross milk yield was 1,6% at decrease of cow population by 6,3%, and in the CFD milk gross output decreased by 10% at cow population decrease by 24%. In 2013 milk consumption per per head of population was 249 kg, including domestic production was 187 kg and made up only 56,8% of rational standard (330). The solutions of import substitution problems in the domestic market of milk and dairy products by means of increasing the milk gross production are suggested. According to the approved target indicators of milk production in the whole country, there are some proposals (forecast) for their implementation in different federal districts based on the projected livestock number and cow productivity. The basic measures on development to provide forecast implementing are defined. They must be realized in four directions: a) innovations in animal reproduction presupposing the participation of private farm holdings and peasant farm holdings in the stock breeding system (using artificial insemination of cows and heifers by semen of stock enterprises through cooperatives; b) productive longevity of cows must provide the use of animals of not less than 4 calvings and milk yield in life 30 t. and more; c) technological farm modernization presupposes implementation of cow loose housing, observation of innovative approaches at recruiting production teams; d) economic monitoring at milk production. The quotations on dairy cattle selection target are given and the ways of its realization are determined. It is determined that gross production of milk should be the main indicator of successful work of the region and the implementation of the annual quotas should be the basis for allocation of federal and regional subsidies.