Productivity and nutritional value of annual mixtures formed on the basis of promising varieties of grain legume crops

The purpose of the research is to study productivity and nutritional value of annual mixtures formed on the basis of promising varieties of grain legume crops during harvesting for feed purposes. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the best grain mixtures created on the basis of promising varieties of leguminous crops with oats and annual ryegrass will be revealed in the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation to obtain stable yields of green mass. The studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for field experiments of the FWRC FPA on the experimental field of the Northwestern Dairy Farming and Grassland Management Research Institute - Detached Unit of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The experience scheme included 10 options in 3-fold repetition. The area registration plot amounted to 15.0 m2. During the research we found out that the botanical composition of the studied grain mixtures varied depending on a set of components. In the crops of the first year, oats and spring crop Vika prevailed. The share of peas and lupine narrow-leaved was low, the percentage of other crops - average. Mixed crops of peas, vetch and oats (var. 2) and spring crop Vika, beans, oatsand ryegrass (var. 10) got maximum yield in the first cut. They provided an increase in yield in comparison with the reference (peas + oats) by 16.4 and 29.5%. For the season in general (taking into account annual Otava ryegrass) the best yields were recorded among mixed crops options 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, provided a significant increase in yield to the reference mark at the level of 0.94-2.75 t/ha DM, or 16.4-48.0%. Their productivity per 1 ha was 36.6-42.4 tons of green mass, 6.67-8.48 tons of dry matter, 3.6-4.5 thousand feed units, 0.48-0.73 tons of crude protein. The highest protein content of 13.6 and 15.1% and the concentration of exchange energy of 9.1 and 9.3 MJ were obtained in variants 4 and 5, including spring crop Vika in the mixture. Agricultural enterprises of the European North of the Russian Federation are a territorial application. The research will be continued in the development of resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of promising varieties of legume crops