Soybean productivity under different methods and systems of primary soil treatment in the second rotation of the crop rotation

The aim of the research is to increase the seed yield and protein and oil yield of soybean by optimizing the methods and systems of primary soil tillage in the second rotation of the crop rotation (with the rotation of crops soybean, winter wheat, spring rapeseed and spring barley) in the conditions of the foreststeppe of the Central Federal Region of Russia. The research was conducted in 2019–2022 at the Lipetsk Rapeseed Research Institute – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops. In the field experiment on leached mediumdeep heavy loamy chernozem four systems of primary soil treatment, which had the conventional names: moldboardsurface, moldboardsurface with deep loosening, moldboardsurface with shallow loosening and minimal plowing (nonmoldboard) were studied. Studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods and State Standards. It was found that the quality of soybean seeds by the content of crude fat and protein in the variants of the experiment changed insignificantly. On the average for the years of the second rotation of the crop rotation, higher and relatively equal yield of seeds, protein and oil of this crop was provided by moldboardsurface (plowing for soybean and spring rapeseed, surface tillage for winter wheat and spring barley) and moldboardsurface with deep loosening (deep subsurface loosening for soybean, surface tillage for winter wheat, spring barley and plowing for spring rapeseed) systems of the primary soil treatment. In other variants of the experiment, where shallow or surface tillage was carried out directly under soybean at its corresponding systems, all the analyzed indicators of productivity decreased significantly and almost equally.