Prevention and correction of foot arch disorders in swimmers aged 12–14

Aim. This paper aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a targeted protocol for the prevention and correction of foot arch disorders in adolescent swimmers. Materials and methods. The study took place at the Research Center for Sports Science and the Educational and Sports Complex of South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk, Russia). A controlled pedagogical experiment was conducted involving 24 competitive swimmers (13 males, 11 females) aged 12–14 years, stratified by performance level (1st sports category: n = 10; Candidate Master of Sports: n = 8; Master of Sports: n = 6). Prior to the pedagogical experiment, baseline assessments of the swimmers’ physical development were conducted. Monitoring of the training process was maintained throughout the entire annual training cycle. Force platform measurements were obtained to evaluate coordination abilities and quantify foot arch flattening (MBN Stabilometry). The cohort was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Throughout the annual training cycle, the control group adhered to a standard training protocol. The experimental group followed the same training protocol but was supplemented with an integrated intervention. This intervention consisted of strengthening exercises, therapeutic massage, and the use of individual orthopedic insoles (KINEZIOSTEP). Results. The findings indicate that our targeted protocol for the prevention and correction of foot arch disorders contributes to positive change and enhancement of foot arch function. The use of individual anatomical insoles and special exercises resulted in a marked improvement in the experimental group. Specifically, the ellipse area decreased by 12.2% under eyes-open conditions (EO) and by 6.1% under eyesclosed conditions (EC). The length-to-width ratio was reduced by 21.4% (EO) and 25.0% (EC). The stability index rose by 19.2% (EO) and 16.6% (EC); and the equilibrium score increased by 25.1% (EO) and 24.6% (EC). Conclusion. A methodology for the prevention and correction of foot arch disorders was developed. Its effectiveness has been proven through its optimal combination of basic and targeted physical activities.