Psychotherapy in recreational training and correction of disadaptive responses in athletes

Introduction. The article discusses characteristics of disadaptive responses in athletes during sports training and peculiarities within the framework of the heart rate variability. In most cases, the reduction in adaptive reserves in athletes develops as a result of significant psycho-emotional and physical overloads, but at the same time, physiological responses and individual-personal factors that determine the adaptive properties of the body's self-regulation play an undeniable role. The main attention focuses on the issues of psychotherapeutic prevention of disturbances of adaptive reserves in athletes using the parameters of heart rate variability. Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of psychotherapy to correct disadaptive responses in wrestlers in the process of preparing for important competitions. Materials and Methods. A survey of 32 athletes aged 17-19 years old, who were in the training process, with a diagnosis according to ICD-10 ‘adjustment disorder’ (F43.2) from the heading ‘Reaction to severe stress and adaptation disorders’ (F43) was carried out. All athletes were recorded with a subsequent assessment of heart rate parameters co n-sidered as an indicator of the functional state. The indicators of the spectral power of the waves were determined: high frequent waves (HF), very low frequent waves (VLF), low frequent waves (LF). Results. Analysis of the data obtained showed that athletes with disorders of adaptive reactions had statistically significantly higher spectral power of HF and VLF waves, which indicated an increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A statistically significant decrease in the spectrum of the heart rate of LF waves and a decrease in the LF/VLF coefficient confirmed the predominance of parasympathetic activation in athletes during training and served as clinical evidence for an accurate diagnosis of a disorder of adaptive reactions in the group of examined athletes. Under the influence of psychotherapy, normalization of the heart rate was achieved, which was confirmed by an increase in the low-frequency component (LF), a decrease in the very low-frequency (VLF) and high-frequency (HF) components, and an increase in the autonomic balance coefficients LF/VLF, LF/HF. Evaluation of the effectiveness of psychotherapy in the training process allowed us to approach the scientific prediction of the physical capabilities of athletes, including in the conditions of competitive activity, to resolve issues of the most optimal use of the reserve capabilities of the body in the process of sports activities, to more rationally build a training regime and control the psychological state of athletes.